Save| Liver | Stay healthy|

                             Save|Liver| Stay healthy|

This article discusses different measures to save your liver. Learn about the functions, symptoms, diseases, prevention, and more here.

Keywords: Liver|diseases of liver|Functions|BMI| Cirrhosis | Hepatitis |Jaundice| Bile | alcohol |Obesity|Diet |Exercise| lifestyle|World Hepatitis Day| Urea| Selenium

Table of contents

1. Introduction

2. Functions of liver

3. Diseases of liver

4. Causes

5. Clinical

6. Prevention

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PROTECT YOUR LIVER

The liver is crucial for health. It is one of the essentials, but usually, no one thinks about the liver until it becomes ill. The liver performs more than 500 diverse functions. The liver works hard and round the clock, 24x7. As a result, the liver is exposed to toxins, pathogens, metabolic end products, etc.

The liver performs about 500 separate functions, usually in combination with other systems and organs. No artificial organ or device can perform all the liver functions.

Functions of the liver:-

1. Filtration: The portal vein supplies blood to the liver. This blood contains products of digestion, hormones, drugs, toxins, bacteria, and other pathogens, and a breakdown product of red blood cells and other cells. This blood is filtered in the liver. The bacteria and other pathogens are phagocytosed by macrophages present in the wall of sinusoids, so the bacteria' other pathogens will not enter the systemic circulation. If this function is improper, the bacteria and other pathogens may enter the systemic circulation, causing bacteremia and septicemia. The breakdown products of erythrocytes and other cells are also filtered in the liver and processed here.

2. Bile production: The bile produced in the liver is collected in bile canaliculi and then into the intrahepatic bile ducts—the right and left hepatic ducts and the common hepatic ducts. The cystic duct from the gall bladder joins with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct, which joins with the pancreatic duct and opens into the 2nd part of the duodenum. The bile is alkaline, neutralizes acidic chyme from the stomach, and provides alkaline media for the functions of enzymes.

3. The liver plays a significant role in metabolizing carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals.

The liver performs several functions in the metabolism of carbohydrates.

The liver forms glycogen from glucose via glycogenesis

In hypoglycemia, when the blood sugar level falls, the liver releases glucose into the blood through glycogenolysis and, in addition, can create glucose from certain amino acids, lactate, or glycerol through gluconeogenesis.

The liver performs many vital functions in protein metabolism.

The liver is responsible for several (AA)amino acid synthesis, albumin, and several clotting factors like fibrinogen, prothrombin, factor V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, Protein C, ProteinS, antithrombin, thrombopoietin, glycoprotein, etc. In addition, an insulin-like growth factor, angiotensinogen, which raises blood pressure, and Catalase break down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic oxidizing agent.

Alkaline phosphatase, Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and Serum isocitrate dehydrogenase (SICD).

The liver performs many essential functions in lipid metabolism. For example, it causes cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, triglyceride production, and lipoprotein synthesis. In addition, fat digestion by bile helps absorb fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.

4. Storage of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, and B6. B12, Iron, copper.

5. Urea production ammonia is converted into urea and excreted in the urine.

6. Ketone formation in case of starvation hepatocyte mitochondria use fatty acids for energy production, and ketone bodies are formed.

Ketone bodies are β- hydroxybutyrate, acetone, and acetoacetate.

7. The liver produces about half of all the lymph formed in the body under resting conditions.

8. Blood reservoir: The liver is a large, expandable venous organ that may act as a valuable reservoir in times of excess blood volume and can supply extra blood in times of reduced blood volume. Usually, 500 ml is present in the liver, and 0.5 to 1 liter of blood is stored in the hepatic veins and sinuses.

9. In the first trimester of the fetus, the liver is the leading site of RBC formation.

10. Neutralise toxins and inactivation of hormones, drugs, and enzymes.

Why learn about liver diseases?

Learning about liver diseases and recognizing them is essential to start treatment. Liver diseases kill more than 2 million people each year worldwide.

The 11th most common cause of death worldwide is cirrhosis and carcinoma liver is on the 16th position..

3.5% of all deaths globally are due to cirrhosis and carcinoma of the liver.

The World Health Organization declared 28 July World Hepatitis Day to raise awareness about hepatitis. This year's theme is "Bringing hepatitis care closer to you."

October is marked as 'liver cancer awareness month. '

Diseases of liver

1. Hepatitis-inflammation of liver cells is known as hepatitis.

2. Cirrhosis

3. Liver failure

3. Liver cancer

Causes -etiology –

1. Infection -due to infection with hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or hepatitis D due to abnormal immunity and consumption of junk food, contaminated food, and water.

2. Cirrhosis- alcohol use, toxins in aerosol cleaners, perfumes, bug sprays, paint sprays, and all other chemicals sprays, and smoke can harm the liver. The liver detoxifies what we breathe; if there is more, the liver fails. Use of

3. Fatty liver- excessive calorie intake or ingestion, sedentary habits, lack of exercise, and unhealthy lifestyle.

4. Liver carcinoma-hepatitis B, C, and D, alcohol, unhealthy lifestyle.

5. Risk factors -obesity, diabetes Mellitus, autoimmune diseases, and self-medication.

6. Exposure to unsafe and unprotected sex.

7. Use non-sterilized needles -as in drug users, tattooing, or body piercing—infected and unsafe blood transfusion.

8. No vaccination for hepatitis.

Symptoms:

Non-specific symptoms :

Loss of appetite, weakness, lethargy, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting.

Specific features due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites include bilirubin and urea. Jaundice will develop with itchy skin and yellow-colored or high-colored urine.

Specific features are due to the failure to synthesize plasma proteins, which causes edema and bleeding disorders.

Care for the liver: It is crucial to keep the liver clean and healthy every day to live a healthy life. This will increase longevity.

1. Abstain from alcohol.

2. Stop smoking.

3. Avoid self-medication—do not ingest too many medicines. Medicines ingredients can harm the liver. Instead, use the medication as advised by your doctor.

4. Avoid aerosol cleaners, perfumes, bug sprays, paint sprays, and all other chemicals that can harm the liver. The liver detoxifies what we breathe.

5. Proper vaccination for Hepatitis A, B, and C is essential to protect the liver from these diseases. Get vaccinated. There is no vaccine for Hepatitis D.

6. Exercise regularly and get sufficient sleep.

7. Do not compromise on personal hygiene. Wash your hands regularly.

8. Avoid junk food and consume excess dietary fiber—green vegetables, broccoli, cruciferous vegetables, spinach, etc.

9. Get vaccines for Hepatitis A, B, and C.

10. Follow a balanced diet plan. Control calorie intake. Avoid a high-fat diet. Take proper amounts of vitamins -especially Selenium. Selenium inhibits the growth of viruses to replicate. Coffee and tea promote liver health. Coffee increases antioxidant glutathione, which neutralizes harmful free radicals.

Grapefruit contains antioxidants –' naringenin' and 'naringin.'

11. Maintain average Body Mass Index.

Summary

Your liver is vital, and it is advisable to look after and protect it to live healthily and enjoy a long life.

'The statement is not to diagnose, treat, or cure any disease.

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FAQ :

Q. What is an antioxidant?

The antioxidant neutralizes 'free radicals' formed due to metabolic activities. 'free radicals are very harmful to our body.

Q. Where liver is situated?

A. The liver is the heaviest internal organ and the largest gland in the human body. It is a mixed gland-exocrine and endocrine. The liver is a wedge-shaped organ in the right hypochondrium that extends up to the left hypochondrium below the diaphragm.

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Internal link: https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/05/bile-we-mus-know.html

https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/06/jaundice.html

https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/05/liver-function-test-we-must-know.html

 https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/05/liver-structure-we-must-know.html

External link: https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki/liver 

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