BMI| Body Mass Index |Utility| limitations

                  BMI| Body Mass Index |Calculation| Utility

 This article discusses different types of obesity and how it is diagnosed. Here, learn about the tests, procedures and indications, and more.

Keywords: Health| Selfcare| Healthy ways | Wellness| Positivity|  Adolphe Quetelet | Android or Central obesity| Gynoid or peripheral obesity| Underweight |Normal weight |Overweight |Apple shape | Pear body.

Table of Content:

1.    What is body mass index?

2.    How to calculate

3.    Utility

4.    Types

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BMI is body mass index: 

A person's BMI is the product of his weight in kg divided by his height in meter square. Body mass index is determined from a person's weight in kg/meter squared height. It is expressed as kg per Meter square.

How to calculate

To calculate BMI:

                  Mass in kg                      Mass in pound

BMI= ------------------------- =    --------------------------X 703

           Height in Meter square      Height in Inch square

 

Weight is measured in kilograms by a measuring scale.

Now height in centimeters is taken by a stadiometer-a medical instrument, to measure height. However, it can be measured with a measuring tape. First, marking is done on a plain wall using the measuring tape in centimeters. Then, the estimated height is changed into meters by dividing the result by one hundred.

For example, the Weight of Sri Sam is 66kg.

Height is 166 cm. This is converted into a meter by dividing it by a hundred. That is 166÷100=1.66.

BMI= WEIGHT/ HEIGHT IN METER SQUARE

=66/1.66X1.66=23.95, Say 24 kg/sq meter square. =24. 

So BMI of Sri Sam is 24.

 

 

A Stadiometer

A Stadiometer

Utility of BMI: It is a valuable method of measurement of the obesity of a person. It is the same for both sex and all ages in adults, but it needs to be modified in children. Based on BMI, adults are placed in the following category:

Category BMI                               Kg/meter square

1. Severe underweight                              <16

2. Moderate underweight                          16-16.9

3. Mild underweight                                  17-18.4

 Underweight                                            <18.5

Average weight /healthy weight               18.5-24.9

Normal weight                                          18.5-24.9

3. Overweight                                           25—29.9

4. Obese class type I                                 30-34.9

5. Obese class type II                                35-39.9

6. Obese class type III                               >40

According to one international survey, in 2916,1.9 billion people were overweight, of which 60 million were obese, and the incidence of obesity is rising rapidly.

BMI does not diagnose the health of an individual. This is just a screening test. Adolphe Quetelet, a Belgian astronomer and statistician, developed the basis of BMI, what he called Social Physics. It was the basis of this BMI. Ancel Keys coined the term BMI in 1972, although it is not as satisfactory as any other relative weight index indicator of relative obesity.

Limitations of BMI

The WHO has used the BMI, the standard for recording obesity, since the early 1980s.

It is a vague mean of estimation of adiposity. It is easy to perform.

The medical establishment and statistical community draw our attention to the limitation of BMI. The limits are as follows:

1. The BMI for women and people of non-European origin the scale needs to be more accurate.

2. The BMI is inaccurate for black people and falsely labels them overweight.

3. The BMI of fatty people with short stature falsely indicates that they are normal.

4. Likewise, in tall persons, BMI report them normal, even though they have low body fat.

5. BMI fails to explain the effect of loss of height due to aging.

In those cases, BMI will increase without any increase in weight.

6. The BMI overestimates those with linear body mass; the reverse is true for fatty body mass.

BMI is directly proportional to body mass and inversely proportional

to the square of height.

Remember study related to height is known as 'auxology.'

Other methods of measuring and estimating body fat content claiming to be superior to BMI are:

1. Waist-to-height ratio is a good indicator of visceral fat. It is a

better indicator than BMI to know obesity-related disease risks.

The U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH) reports that :

In males, a waist circumference equal to or more than 40 inches and

in non-pregnant women equal to or more than 35 inches

carry high risks for obesity-related diseases.

2. Waist-to-hip circumference ratio is also an alternative method to

know the risks, but it offers no benefits over Waist- to- height ratio

and is somewhat complicated. Therefore it is used sparingly in

practice.

Some other methods are also reported, like waist circumference, neck circumference, etc.

BMI does not differentiate the types of obesity. However, there are two significant types of obesity.

1. Android or Central obesity: It is more common in males, and fat deposition is around the viscera of the abdomen. Due to this, the individual develops an apple-like body shape. This is closely related to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and certain types of carcinoma. This is also seen in post-menopausal women.

2. Gynoid or peripheral obesity: It is more common in females. The fat deposition is around the buttock and upper part of the thigh. , the hips are rounded, and their buttocks appear large. Therefore these persons develop pear-like body shapes.

.They are less susceptible to cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Now there are several ready reckoners. Just add the weight and height of a person, then from the ready, reckoner will say about the BMI.

Summary

BMI is straightforward to measure. Every person must know about this and used to check his BMI regularly and watch his fat content. In this way, a person can prevent the development of obesity.

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