Nervous system
Keywords: Central nervous system| Peripheral
nervous system| Somatic |autonomic |Parasympathetic |Sympathetic| white matter|
gray matter |ganglion| nuclei| Bilaterians|
The nervous system is a highly complex
system that carries information to and from various body parts to the brain and
spinal cord.
Table of contents:
Sr.No |
Contents |
1. |
Definition |
2. |
Central nervous system |
3. |
Peripheral nervous system |
4. |
Parasympathetic nervous system |
5. |
Sympathetic nervous system |
6. |
Somatic nervous system |
7. |
Autonomic nervous system |
8. |
Enteric nervous system |
This
system coordinates sensory information and motor activities from inside and outside the body. The nervous system detects environmental changes in and around
the body and acts accordingly.
Divisions of the nervous system
Division of the nervous system
In human beings and other (vertebrates ), the nervous system consists of two main divisions:
1. Central nervous system (CNS), and
2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The central nervous system
The central nervous system
consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is present in the cranial
cavity and the spinal cord in the spinal canal. The CNS is enclosed and protected
by three meninges. The three layers of
meninges are from outside to inside
1. Dura mater,
2. Arachnoid mater, and
3. Pia mater.
In addition, the CNS is protected by the blood-brain barrier, which prevents many chemicals from entering the CNS. Therefore, the CNS is less susceptible to infections and chemical damage.
The peripheral nervous system
The nervous system structures
outside the central nervous system are the peripheral nervous system. The
peripheral nervous system consists mainly of long bundles of nerve fibers, usually present deep under the skin. However, they are exposed to physical
damage.
The sensory efferent nerves carry information from the body to the central nervous system. The motor or afferent nerves carry information from the central nervous system to the body.
Divisions of the peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system is divided into three parts:
1. Somatic nerves work under
voluntary control.
2. Autonomic nervous systems
function involuntarily.
3. The enteric nervous system also
functions involuntarily and controls the gastrointestinal system.
Divisions of the autonomic nervous system
The autonomic
nervous system is further subdivided into
1. Sympathetic, and
2. Parasympathetic nervous
system
The sympathetic nervous system
becomes active in an emergency to mobilize energy, while the parasympathetic
nerve becomes active in a relaxed condition to conserve energy.
The sympathetic nervous system is known as thoracolumbar outflow because sympathetic nerve fibers arise from all
thoracic and lumbar 1st,2nd, and 3rd spinal
segments. It is responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response.
The parasympathetic nervous system is also known as craniosacral outflow because parasympathetic nerve fibers arise from some nuclei present in the brainstem and emerge through the 3rd,7th,9th, and 10th cranial nerves, and lumbar 2nd, 3rd, and 4thsacral spinal segments. It is responsible for the rest and digestion response of the body.
The nervous system has particular neurons
or nerve cells with unique structures that allow signals to pass rapidly and
precisely to other structures.
What is gray matter?
The gray matter is a collection of neurons. Its
color is pink or light brown in living conditions.
What is white matter?
The white matter is composed mainly of
myelinated axons and takes its color from the myelin.
What is a ganglion?
The collection of neurons in the
periphery is a ganglion, and the group of neurons in the brain and spinal cord
is nuclei.
Bilaterians –animals with left and right sides that are almost mirror images of each other.
Hashtags: Central nervous system# Peripheral
nervous system# Somatic #autonomic #Parasympathetic #Sympathetic# white matter#
gray matter #ganglion# nuclei# Bilaterians#
Internal link:
https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/08/hypothalamus-html
https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/08/hypothalamus-connections-and-functions.html
https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/11/what-is-autonomic-nervous-system-what.html
External link: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki
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