Photo created by the author with canva AntiDiuretic Hormone|vasopressin |Endocrinology Keywords : What is anti-diuretic hormone. What are the main functions of ADH? What is vasopressin? Herring bodies| Magnocellular neurosecretory neurons | Prepropressophysin| Neurophysin II Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Site of secretion 3. Regulation of secretion 4. Mechanism of secretion 5. Functions Introduction In this article, we will learn about anti-diuretic hormones in detail, including the site of secretion, the regulation of its secretion, the mechanism of action, and more. About’ totalphysiology.com.’ This article is part of my mission to provide trustworthy recent health information to support the general public, patients, and professionals globally. Here, you will find human Physiology and health-related topics. This article is intended for all learners and medical care providers. This activity aims for learners to better apply the latest scientific knowledge.
What is Heart Attack|Myocardial Infarction|
This article discusses aspects of heart attacks. different used to diagnose pancreatic diseases. Here, learn
about the causes ,symptoms risk factors, and more.
Keywords: coronary artery | acute myocardial infarction| Troponins T and I- estimation
ischemia | angina|hyperlipidemia|Diabetic Mellitus|
Table of contents
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Table of contents |
|
|
1. |
Definition |
|
2. |
Cause |
|
3. |
Symptoms |
|
4. |
Diagnosis |
|
5 |
Prevention |
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6. |
Treatment |
About’ totalphysiology.com.’
This article is part of my mission to
provide trustworthy recent health information to support the general public,
patients, and professionals globally.
Here you will find human Physiology,
Anatomy, and health-related topics.
Definition:
When the heart's
blood supply reduces or stops suddenly, then myocardial ischemia occurs and, if
occlusion is prolonged, myocardial infarction will occur. Myocardial infarction
is a severe condition; therefore, we must know about MI's cause, risk factors, prevention,
and treatment.
 |
| cavities of the heart |
Causes
If a block occurs
in any coronary artery or its branch, the blood supply of that area is reduced,
causing ischemia in the area of the heart supplied by that artery. If the block
is sufficient to occlude the blood supply for a prolonged period, it will cause
aseptic necrosis of the myocardium of that area.
The block
starts slowly, causing angina. Finally, the obstruction increases and
incapacitates the person.
The block may occur
suddenly, causing acute myocardial infarction.
Pathophysiology :
In the case of
hyperlipidemia, lipids deposition occurs under endothelial layers of the
arteries, which bulges in the arterial lumen, thus reducing the blood supply to
that area.
When the deposition
of lipids becomes more, it may cause rupture of the arteries' endothelial
layers, causing an acute block.
An
acute block may be due to an embolus.
The leading causes
are high cholesterol and triglycerides levels- along with dyslipidemias.
Myocardial hypertrophy, arrhythmia
Risk factors
Family history
Stress
Age: increases with
age
Sex: females often
suffer from heart attacks.
High cholesterol,
triglycerides levels-dyslipidemias.
Myocardial
hypertrophy,
Lack of physical
activity
Smoking
Alcohol consumption
 |
| Photo from PIXABEY |
Myocardial
infarction may be without any chest pain. However, especially In old age and
diabetic persons, painless or silent myocardial infarction is common.
It may go
unrecognized. Usually, it is with acute chest pain with profuse sweating, but
breathlessness, vomiting, syncope, and collapse are common presenting symptoms.
The most typical
symptom is chest pain or discomfort, extending into the soldier, left arm,
back, and neck.
Shortness of
breath, breathlessness, in some cases, this is the only symptom.
Cold sweat,
increased or decreased heart rate.
Indigestion,epigastric
pain
Anxiety and fear of
death.
Feeling tired
Feeling faint, and
Nausea, vomiting
Collapse, syncope.
Diagnosis
1. Clinical history
2. ECG –will
diagnose myocardial infarction as well as the site of the infarction.
ST-segment elevation in the leads overlying or facing the infarct area.
Site of myocardial infarction:
Changes in the Lead
of ECG:
|
|
Site of myocardial infarction |
Changes in the Lead of
ECG |
|
1. |
Anterior |
I,Avl, V3-5 |
|
2. |
Lateral |
II,III,aVF |
|
3. |
Septal |
V1-3. |
|
4. |
Posterior |
II,III,aVF |
Clinical history and ECG are important in spot diagnosis.
Blood test for
enzymes and proteins concentrated within the cardiac cells a) CK-MB estimation
b) Troponins T and I- estimation
c) LDH- estimation
Increased white
cell count (WBC),
Increased
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Increased C-reactive
protein (CRP).
3. Echocardiography
4. Chest X-ray
5. Coronary
angiography and angioplasty
Prevention
Lifestyle
changes-physical exercises, diet changes –low calorie, low-fat diet.
Reduce obesity and
weight.
Control of
hypertension and other diseases.
No smoking, no
alcohol
Treatment
Myocardial
infarction is a medical emergency, a life-threatening condition, and fatal, but
improved treatment can save a life. Therefore urgent hospitalization is
essential.
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Hashtag: Heart Attack|#Myocardial Infarction#Cause #Symptoms #Effect#Prevention|
Internal link: https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/10/cardiac cycle
https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/10/ECG
External link: https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki
https://www.webmd.com
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