What is arrhythmia| cause| effect| recognition| treatment|

© 2021 Google                                                Arrhythmia

 

Keywoords: Tachycardia| Bradycardia| Incidence| Conduction pathway| Conduction speed| Cause| Symptoms| Diagnosis| Treatment|Pacemaker|

                                                 Definition

Arrhythmia is also known as cardiac arrhythmia or heart arrhythmia. This is also known as dysarrhythmia.  Arrhythmia is the disturbance in the heart's electrical activity - starting from the impulse generation from the sinoatrial node and impulse conduction through the normal pathway with the normal velocity.

Table of contents:

 

Sr.no	Conntents
1.	Definition
2.	Components
3.	Tachycardia
4.	Bradycardia
5.	Incidence
6.	Conduction pathway
7.	Conduction speed
8.	Cause
9.	Symptoms
10.	Diagnosis
11.	Treatment

 

                                               

Components of arrhythmia

 

Arrhythmia  has three components:

 The heart rate becomes abnormal   (normal range is 60-100) beats per minute, and the average is 72 beats per minute.)

 The impulses start from any site other than the sinoatrial node. However, in normal cases, impulses arise from the sinoatrial node.

 The impulses should proceed along the abnormal conduction pathway with the abnormal velocity. However, typically impulses move along the normal conduction pathway with average speed.

The  average heart rate in persons above 15 yrs of age  is 72 beats per minute, and the range is  60-100 beats per minute,

 In an infant, a heart rate of 110 to 160 beats per minute is prevalent. In infants, this affects the development of the heart.

H.R/minute	>20	20-40	40-60	60-100	100-150	150-250	250-350	350<
	Serious	Moderate	Mild	Normal	Sinus	Paroxysmal	Flutter	Fibrillation
	Bradycardia				tachycardia

 

 

Tachycardia

 

When the heart beats more than 100  times in one  minute, it is tachycardia or tachyarrhythmia.

Sinus tachyarrhythmia when the heart rate is 100-150 beats per minute.

                                               

Paroxysmal tachycardia when the heart rate is  150 to 250 beats per minute. This tachycardia disappears suddenly. Therefore it is known as paroxysmal tachycardia.

 

When the heart rate is  250 to 350 beats per minute, it is known as flutter. It is of two types:

 

1.    Atrial flutter due to atrial involvement, and

2.    when due to ventricle involvement, it is ventricular flutter.

 In ventricular fibrillation  the heart rate is more than 350 beats per minute, and impulses arise from the ventricle.

It is a severe condition. 

                                                Bradycardia

When the heart beats less than  60 times in one  minute, it is bradycardia or bradyarrhythmia.

 When the heart rate decreases below 60 beats per minute, it is mild bradycardia or bradyarrhythmia.

When the heart rate decreases below 40 beats per minute, it is moderate bradycardia or bradyarrhythmia.

 When the heart rate decreases below 20 beats per minute, it is severe bradycardia or bradyarrhythmia.  

                                     Incidence

 The incidence of arrhythmias is equal among males and females of all age groups. It is a prevalent disorder of the cardiovascular system.

                                   The normal conduction pathway

 The normal conduction pathway: cardiac impulse originates from the SA node. The impulse travels to the AV node through three well-defined internodal tracts from the SA node. The tracts are:

 The  anterior internodal tract of Bachmann

 The  middle internodal tract of  Wenckebach, and 

 The posterior internodal tract of  Thorel.

 

                                        The speed of conduction

 In the SA node and AV node speed of conduction of impulse is 0.05 per second.

 In the atrial pathways, the bundle of his ventricular muscle and atrial muscle rate of conduction is 1 m per second, and

In the Purkinje system rate of conduction is 5 meters per second.

 

                                      Causes of arrhythmias

There may be a defect in the automaticity.

Due to defect or damage in the conduction pathways.increased Trigger for auto Machete for Recurrent electrical activation

Arrhythmia may be occasional, frequent, or persistent.

 

                                       Symptoms

1. Many cases are asymptomatic do not produce any symptoms.

2. Some cases are symptomatic, but the symptoms are mild. A person will complain of palpitation-increased heart rate.

 3. Some cases are severe and may cause sudden death due to cardiac arrest. About 80% of sudden cardiac is due to ventricular arrhythmias.

 

                                     Diagnosis

 

Examination of the radial pulse,

Auscultation of precordial region of the chest  for  at least one  minute, and

Confirmed by ECG (electrocardiogram.)

Other tests to detect underlying diseases.

                               Treatment

 Medical, as well as surgical methods, can treat arrhythmias. Treatment may include the installation of temporary and permanent pacemakers and surgery.

Hashtag: Tachycardia# Bradycardia# Incidence# Diagnosis# Pacemaker#

Internal link: https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/10/cardiac cycle

                          https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/10/ECG

               https://blog.totalphysiology.com/2021/11/why-ecg-is-done-how-ecg-is-obtained.html

External link: https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki

                          https://www.webmd.com

 

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