What happens to the fat we take in meals? When we eat fat, it is digested and absorbed in our gastrointestinal tract. Some fat is not absorbed and excreted. Fat is one of the three macronutrients of human food, along with carbohydrates and proteins. Fat is a very good source of energy and essential for cell formation and vitamin absorption. It is vital for good health. However, an excess of fat is hazardous for our health. Let us delve into the fate of fat in our body. Digestion of fat: Lipids are large molecules, and unlike carbohydrates and proteins, they are not soluble in water and do not mix with the watery blood. So, they like to cluster together in large droplets in a liquid surrounding the gastrointestinal tract. The digestive process breaks those large droplets of fat into smaller droplets, and then enzymes digest lipid molecules using enzymes called lipase. In the mouth: Chewing breaks food into smaller particles and mixes them with saliva. Lingual lipase be
Plasma
Keywords: Green plasma, Opaque plasma, ‘Dried plasmas strips of material, Reddish or dark brown, convalescent plasma therapy Simulated body fluid.’
Table of contents
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1. Definition
2. Composition of plasma
3. Functions
4. Uses of plasma
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Definition: Blood is a
living connective tissue in a fluid state and clots when outside blood vessels.
The average blood volume is 5 liters (range 5-6 liters) and consists of fluid and
cellular portions. Plasma is the fluid portion of blood. Blood consists of two
parts:
The liquid
portion of the blood is known as plasma. Plasma constitutes 55% of the total
blood volume. Plasma is a clear, light yellow-colored fluid due to
bilirubin, hemoglobin, and transferrin. The color of plasma may vary in
abnormal conditions:
Green plasma
may be due to ceruloplasmin or some medicine, e.g. sulfonamides.
Reddish or
dark brown plasma is present in case of excessive hemolysis.
Opaque plasma is present in hyperlipidemia.
 |
| 45% RBC,55% PLASMA The white area is Buffy coat about 1% |
Water is 91%
and 9% solid substances. The solid substances
are :
Inorganic
substances consist of 1% solid. They are sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate
Bicarbonate, chloride iron in ionic form.
Organic
substances: plasma protein is 7%, and
non-protein nitrogenous substances like enzymes, fat are 1%.
2) Formed blood elements constitute 45% of blood in which three types of cells- RBC,
WBC, and Platelets are present.
Functions:
The fluid
portion of the blood is plasma. Plasma was well known from ancient times, Vesalius (i 1514-1564).In 1628 William Harvey
described plasma in 'de Mortu Cordis'
magazine. In1770, William Henson, C. discovered fibrinogen; after that, a
detailed study of plasma became possible.
When blood
mixed with an anticoagulant is centrifuged in a centrifuge machine at a speed
of 3000 rpm for 30 minutes, cells settle down, and supernatant fluid is
obtained. In between them, a buffy coat is present. At the bottom, denser red
blood cells settle down, giving a red hue. The buffy layer is of WBC and Platelets.
The supernatant fluid is plasma.
Blood - (minus) blood cells =plasma.
In plasma,
clotting factors are present.
Plasma-
(minus) some clotting factors =serum. The clotting factors removed
from plasma are fibrinogen, prothrombin, labile factors, Proaccelerin, and
antihemophilic (AHF). Other clotting factors transfusion substances are
present in serum.
Plasma is used to diagnose and treat certain
diseases.
Dr.J.A.
Grifols of Spain developed a technique to separate plasma from the blood in
1940. This technique is still in use.
In plasmapheresis,
the donor's blood cells are returned to the donor's body after plasma
separation.
Uses of
plasma:
Fresh frozen
plasma is in the List of Essential Medicines (ELD) according to WHO. It is essential
in the treatment of blood loss due to any cause, maybe trauma or surgery. It is
also vital in the treatment of many serious diseases.
Plasma
transfusion became a substitute for blood transfusion from March 1918. Fresh
frozen plasma or 'plasma frozen within 24 hours of the collection is
transfused instead of whole blood. Plasma from the AB blood group does not
contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies that can agglutinate recipient antigens. Hence,
plasma from the AB negative blood group is the universal donor. Remember that
for blood transfusion, the blood of AB
negative blood group is 'universal
recipient' and blood of O negative blood group is 'universal donor.’
Dried
plasmas ‘in powder form or strips of material format were used in the second
world war.
Plasma
therapy: plasma collected from a person
who has recovered from a viral or any infection develops antibodies to the
causative pathogens. In convalescent plasma therapy, his plasma is transfused
to a patient to help him to recover. This therapy is ‘convalescent plasma therapy. This
transfusion provides antibodies to the sufferer with weak immunity.
Convalescent
plasma therapy was considered beneficial, but studies proved it is not an
effective treatment method in Covid-19; therefore, it is not recommended to
treat COVID-19’.
Simulated body fluid(SBF) has the same ion concentration as plasma and is used in metallic implants', gene delivery, and surface modification.
Hashtags : #greenplasma #opaqueplasma #redordarkbrownplasma #plasmapheresis#driedplasmas# Reddish or dark brown # convalescent plasma therapy# Simulated body fluid #
Internal links:
External
links :
https://en.m.wikipedia.org
https://www.healthline.com
https://www.webmd.com
https://www.britannica.com
About plasma and Convalescent plasma therapy in short. Know why plasma was used in covid-19 therapy.
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