Photo created by the author with canva AntiDiuretic Hormone|vasopressin |Endocrinology Keywords : What is anti-diuretic hormone. What are the main functions of ADH? What is vasopressin? Herring bodies| Magnocellular neurosecretory neurons | Prepropressophysin| Neurophysin II Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Site of secretion 3. Regulation of secretion 4. Mechanism of secretion 5. Functions Introduction In this article, we will learn about anti-diuretic hormones in detail, including the site of secretion, the regulation of its secretion, the mechanism of action, and more. About’ totalphysiology.com.’ This article is part of my mission to provide trustworthy recent health information to support the general public, patients, and professionals globally. Here, you will find human Physiology and health-related topics. This article is intended for all learners and medical care providers. This activity aims for learners to better apply the latest scientific knowledge.
Liver Functions
This article discusses the functions of the liver. Here, learn about its position, blood supply, and more.
Keywords: Glucose| glycogen| glycogenesis| glycogenolysis| filtration|gluconeogenesis|Lobule|
Table of contents
1. | Introduction |
2. | Position |
3. | Structure of liver |
4. | Blood supply |
5. | Links |
About’ totalphysiology.com.’
This article is part of my mission to provide trustworthy recent
health information to support the general public, patients, and
professionals globally.
Here you will find human Physiology, Anatomy, and health-related topics.
Introduction:
The liver performs about 500 separate functions, usually in combination with other systems and organs.No artificial organ or device can perform all the liver functions.
 |
| Liver with its capsule |
Functions of the liver:-
1.
Filtration: The portal vein supplies blood to the liver. This blood contains products
of digestion, hormones, drugs, toxins, bacteria other pathogens, and a breakdown
product of red blood cells and other cells. This blood is filtered in the liver. The bacteria and other pathogens are phagocytosed by macrophages present in
the wall of sinusoids so the bacteria other pathogens will not enter into the
systemic circulation. If this function is not proper the bacteria and other
pathogens may enter into the systemic circulation causing bacteremia and
septicemia. The breakdown products of red blood cells and other cells are also
filtered in the liver and processed here.
2.Bile
production: the bile produced in the liver is collected
in bile canaliculi then into the intrahepatic bile ducts –right and left
hepatic ducts-common hepatic duct. The cystic duct from the gall bladder joins with the common hepatic duct
to form the common bile duct. The common bile duct along with the pancreatic duct opens
into the 2ND part of the duodenum. The bile is alkaline and neutralizes
acidic chyme from the stomach and provides alkaline media for functions of enzymes.
3.The liver
plays major roles in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, and
minerals.
The liver
performs several functions in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
The liver
forms glycogen from glucose via glycogenesis
Glucose------------Ã glycogenesis-------------Ã glycogen, and store about 100 gm of
glycogen.
When needed the liver releases glucose
into the blood by the process of glycogenolysis
Glycogen
------------Ã glycogenolysis-------------Ã Glucose.
The liver
can form glucose from certain amino acids, lactate or glycerol by the process
of gluconeogenesis.
AA, Lactate, glycerol------------Ã gluconeogenesis ------------Ã glucose
The liver
performs many important functions in protein metabolism.
The liver is
responsible for several (AA)amino acid synthesis, albumin, and several clotting
factors fibrinogen, prothrombin, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, Protein C, ProteinS, antithrombin, thrombopoietin, glycoprotein, etc. Insulin-like growth factor,angiotensinogen-raising the blood
pressure, Catalase to breakdown hydrogen peroxide a toxic oxidizing agent.
Alkaline
phosphatase, Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Serum glutamic
pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Serum isocitrate dehydrogenase (SICD).
The liver
performs many important functions in lipid metabolism. It causes cholesterol
synthesis, lipogenesis, triglyceride production, lipoprotein synthesis. Fat
digestion by bile helps in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K.
4. Storage
of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, B6. B12, Iron, copper.
5. Urea
production ammonia is converted into urea and excreted in the urine.
6. Ketone
formation in case of starvation hepatocyte mitochondria use fatty acids for
energy production and ketone bodies are formed.
Ketone bodies
are β- hydroxybutyrate, acetone, acetoacetate.
7. Lymph production
about half of all the lymph formed in the body under resting conditions arises
in the liver.
8. Blood reservoir:
The liver is a large expandable venous organ and may act as a valuable blood
reservoir in times of excess blood volume and is capable of supplying extra blood
in times of reduced blood volume. Usually, 500 ml is present in the liver and
0.5 to 1 liter of extra blood may be stored in the hepatic veins and sinuses.
9. In the first trimester of the fetus, the liver is the main site of RBC formation.
10.Neutralise
toxins, inactivation of hormones, drugs, and enzymes.
Hashtags:Glucose# glycogen# glycogenesis# glycogenolysis# filtration#gluconeogenesis #Lobule
Internal link:
https://totalphysology20.blogspot.com/2021/02/glands-we must know
https://totalphysology20.blogspot.com/2021/03/small intestine we must know
https://totalphysology20.blogspot.com/2021/05/ gall
bladder we must know
https://totalphysology20.blogspot.com/2021/05/ bile we must know
https://totalphysology20.blogspot.com/2021/05/liver introduction we
https://totalphysology20.blogspot.com/2021/05/liver
introduction we must know
External link:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki
https://www.sciencedirect.com>topics
https://pubmed.ncbi.nim.nih.gov>
https://www.cliffsnotes.com>deglut
#english #glycogen #glycogenesis #glycogenolysis #gluconeogenes #physiology #liver
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