Dyspnoea This article discusses different causes of dyspnoea, stages of dyspnoea, and more. Keywords : Psychometric | 5-point Likert Scale (5PLS) | MRC breathlessness scale| COPD| Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Causes 3. Stages and severity 4. Treatment 5. Prognosis About’ total physiology.com.’ This article is part of my mission to provide trustworthy, recent health information to support the general public, patients, and professionals globally. Here you will find human Physiology and health-related topics. This article is intended for all learners and medical care providers. This activit...
Fever Producing Substances Fever causing Pyrogen is usually derived from microorganisms. Keywords: Pyrogens, Cytokines, Interleukin, Endogenous, PGF2, Exogenous, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), LPB- LPS, Tumor necrosis factor – α, Arachidonic -acid, PGE2. What is pyrogen? The fever-producing substance is pyrogen. The pyrogen is usually derived from microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, viroids, etc. When present in large amount may lead to severe inflammation when not treated, it may lead to shock, multi-organ failure, and even death. Exogenous Pyrogens Microbial: Virus, Bacteria, Yeast, Fungus, Malarial parasites Lipopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria wall. Lipoteichoic in gram-positive bacteria. Non–microbial: ...